3.20

• Family pedigrees are shown like a tree diagrams with a symbol representing male and another symbol representing female. (For example square is male and circle is female)
• If these symbols are colored/filled in it shows that the person is affected by a disease that may or may not be passed on to the younger generations
• By using methods of trial and error we are able to eliminate and find out which gene caused the disease the recessive or the dominant.
• This is done by taking a sample from the family pedigree and testing the hypothesis for both dominant and recessive gene.

Reproductive organs

3.9a - Male reproductive organ
Structure and uses:

• Bladder - Store Urine 
• Tesis - Meisosis Germinate sperm cells 
• Epididymis - Store Sperm cells 
• Vas deferens - Sends Sperm cells to the penis 
• Prostate - 30% semen 
• Seminal Vesicles - 70% semen 
• Uretha - Common tube, takes semen ou of the penis 
• Penis - Carry sperm cells into the vagina 

3.9b Female reproductive organ 

Structure and uses: 

• Ovary - Meiosis/ produces eggs
• Oviducts - Carries eggs 
• Uterus - wall of uterus made of muscle (stretch for pregenancy)
• Lining of the Uterus - development of embryo/egg
• Uterus Space - Embryo developes here 
•  Cervix - Where sperm cells enter
• Vagina -allows sperm cells to come in  

3.24c Stages of Mitosis

First the cell starts of in the inter phase where the chrmosones begin to replicate thier DNA.
This causes a pair of Chromosomes that are held together by a centremere this is called a Chromatids.

At this point their are 46 pairs of Chromatids in all, which means 92 individual Chromosomes
Then Begins the Prophase where the Nucleus starts to deteriorate revealing the Chromosomes
The late Prophase is when strands of protien start to from, these are called swindle cords
The Chromatids then get attached to the swindle cords through the centermere and they start to shift towards the equator of the cell, this is the Metaphase
The the Anaphase begins and the cells begin to expand and the swindle cords slowly pull the chromatids apart.
After this is the Telaphase where nucleus start to from around the different sets of chromosones and creates two nucleus

Then there is Cyto-Kinesis which is when the two nucleus split out of the cell and create to identical cells

3.24

• Mitosis is when cell divide it self, results in growth
• Results in an increase in the number of cells
• Number of chromosomes in a nucleus is called 'diploid'
• In humans the diploid number of cells is 46
• The cells that are a result of mitosis are identical
• This is because 1. They have the same number of chromosomes 2. Same set of Chromosomes

3.15

Gene is part of a DNA
Defines Characteristics of the organism
From blood group to petal color
In the nucleus

3.14

DNA is a Deoxyribonucleic acid in the form of a Double-helix structure
Found in the nucleus
46 chromosomes
Gene holds genetic information
Proteins produce characteristics

3.1 sexual and asexual

Sexual:
Sex male/female
Gametes which mean that they heave sperm and egg
Meiosis 1/2 chromosomes
Fertilization (fuse)
Produces Variation

A sexual:
No sex
No gametes
Binary fission
No fertilization
Small variation